We’ve all experienced the discomfort of sunburn at some point—red, hot, and tender skin that serves as a painful reminder to wear sunscreen. Sunburn isn’t just an annoyance; it’s a sign of skin damage caused by overexposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays. If left untreated, it can lead to peeling, dehydration, and even long-term issues like premature aging or increased risk of skin cancer. Dr Tom Goyer, a skincare expert in Sydney, shares his top tips for soothing and healing sunburned skin to help you recover quickly and protect your skin from future damage.
What Happens When You Get a Sunburn?
Sunburn occurs when your skin is exposed to UV radiation for too long, causing damage to the skin cells’ DNA. The redness and inflammation are your body’s response as it works to repair the damage. Severe sunburns may even result in blisters, dehydration, and flu-like symptoms, which indicate second-degree burns.
- Symptoms of Sunburn:
- Redness and tenderness
- Swelling
- Peeling or flaking skin
- Itchiness
- Blisters in severe cases
Tip: The severity of your sunburn depends on your skin type, the strength of UV rays, and the length of exposure.
1. Cool Down the Skin
Cooling your skin is the first step to alleviating the discomfort of sunburn. This helps reduce redness, inflammation, and the burning sensation.
- How to Cool the Skin:
- Take a cool (not cold) shower or bath to soothe the affected areas.
- Apply a cool, damp cloth to the sunburned areas for 15-20 minutes at a time.
Tip: Avoid using ice directly on your skin, as this can cause further damage.
2. Hydrate Inside and Out
Sunburn draws moisture away from your skin, leaving it dry and dehydrated. Replenishing lost fluids is essential for healing and preventing further damage.
- How to Hydrate:
- Drink plenty of water throughout the day to restore hydration levels.
- Use a gentle, hydrating moisturiser or aloe vera gel to soothe and rehydrate your skin.
Tip: Avoid heavy, oil-based creams, which can trap heat and worsen irritation.
3. Soothe with Aloe Vera
Aloe vera is a go-to remedy for sunburn thanks to its anti-inflammatory and cooling properties. It can help reduce redness and promote faster healing.
- How to Use Aloe Vera:
- Apply pure aloe vera gel directly to the affected areas.
- Look for products with high concentrations of aloe vera and avoid those with added fragrances or alcohol.
Tip: For an extra cooling effect, chill the aloe vera gel in the fridge before applying.
4. Avoid Further Sun Exposure
Once your skin is sunburned, it’s more vulnerable to further damage. Protect your skin from the sun while it heals to prevent worsening symptoms and allow it to recover.
- How to Protect Sunburned Skin:
- Wear loose, lightweight clothing that covers the affected areas.
- Stay in the shade or indoors during peak sun hours (10 AM to 4 PM).
- Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with SPF 30 or higher if you need to go outside.
Tip: Opt for mineral sunscreens with zinc oxide or titanium dioxide, as they are gentler on sensitive or damaged skin.
5. Avoid Irritants
Sunburned skin is highly sensitive, so it’s important to avoid anything that could further irritate or damage it.
- What to Avoid:
- Harsh soaps, scrubs, or exfoliants
- Hot showers or baths
- Tight or abrasive clothing
- Products containing alcohol, fragrance, or menthol
Tip: Stick to gentle, hydrating products until your skin fully recovers.
6. Manage Pain and Inflammation
Sunburn can be painful, especially in more severe cases. Over-the-counter remedies can help reduce pain and inflammation.
- What to Use:
- Take ibuprofen or aspirin to reduce swelling and discomfort.
- Apply an over-the-counter hydrocortisone cream to calm inflammation (avoid using it on broken or blistered skin).
Tip: Follow the dosage instructions carefully and consult a doctor if symptoms persist.
7. Treat Blisters with Care
If your sunburn causes blisters, it’s a sign of deeper skin damage. Blisters are your body’s way of protecting the damaged area, so it’s important not to pop them.
- How to Care for Blisters:
- Keep the area clean and dry.
- Avoid touching or popping the blisters.
- Cover them with a loose, sterile bandage if necessary.
Tip: If blisters cover a large area or show signs of infection (pus, increased redness, or warmth), consult a doctor immediately.
8. Prevent Peeling
Peeling is a natural part of the healing process for sunburn, but you can minimise it by keeping your skin moisturised.
- How to Prevent Peeling:
- Use a fragrance-free, hydrating lotion daily.
- Avoid picking or peeling the skin, as this can cause scarring.
Tip: Be patient—peeling usually subsides within a week.
How to Prevent Sunburn in the Future
Preventing sunburn is always better than treating it. A good sun care routine can protect your skin from damage and keep it healthy and youthful.
- Sunburn Prevention Tips:
- Apply sunscreen 15-30 minutes before going outside and reapply every two hours.
- Wear sunglasses, hats, and UV-protective clothing.
- Seek shade during peak sun hours.
- Avoid tanning beds, which also emit harmful UV rays.
Tip: Incorporate a daily moisturiser with SPF into your routine to ensure consistent protection.
When to See a Doctor
While most sunburns can be treated at home, severe cases may require medical attention. Seek help if you experience:
- Large blisters or extensive peeling
- Signs of infection (pus, fever, or chills)
- Severe pain or swelling
- Symptoms of heatstroke, such as dizziness or nausea
Tip: Don’t hesitate to consult a dermatologist if you’re concerned about your skin’s condition.
Conclusion
Sunburn is a common but preventable skin issue that can be effectively managed with the right care. By cooling your skin, hydrating, and protecting it from further damage, you can speed up the healing process and minimise discomfort. Remember, prevention is always the best approach—make sunscreen and sun protection a non-negotiable part of your daily routine. For personalised advice on sun care and skincare, Dr Tom Goyer is here to help. Visit Dr Tom Goyer’s blog for more expert tips and insights.